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Amino acids are the building blocks that make up protein. Your body puts them together like Legos to create muscle. While your body can make some from scratch (called non-essential amino acids), you have to obtain others (essential amino acids), from food or supplements. These essential amino acids-especially a certain kind called branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)-are the limiting factor in your body's ability to build muscle. Here's more on what the BCAAs are, the benefits of BCAAs, and how to get them into your diet.
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Whether you're trying to shed pounds or beat your PR, increasing your muscle mass is essential, since it's key to both weight loss and performance. Also, muscle is built very, very slowly. While fat loss can be easily accelerated, muscle building cannot. However, muscle burns calories all day long-meaning you'll burn more calories during Muscles and Mimosas and you'll burn more calories sitting on the couch. Even if you aren't trying to add more muscle, you break down muscle during exercise that needs to be rebuilt so that you can work out again the next day. Which is why we always put a priority on maintaining the muscle you have and potentially building up more-which requires getting enough protein and the right amino acids.

Benefits of BCAAs
There are three types of BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine, and valine. They are called branched-chain amino acids because their chemical makeup has a unique branched structure (like a tree branch). This gives them some interesting abilities that no other amino acids have.

One big perk of BCAAs is that they help prevent muscle breakdown. They help increase the rate in which your body can build proteins so you aren't breaking down muscle faster than you can rebuild. Leucine is the key BCAA in this process.

BCAAs also provide fuel for exercise. During an intense workout, the unique structure of BCAAs allows them to act as fuel for your muscles. And finally, they may help you slim down: Several studies show a relationship between BCAA intake and leanness, and high intakes of BCAAs are generally associated with a leaner body.

Sources of BCAAs
1. BCAA Supplements: Drinks with BCAAs have become very popular and come in lots of great citrus and fruit flavors that don't taste like you're just drinking protein. These products are fine to use right after exercise or during long training session (over 90 minutes). However, there isn't a lot of scientific evidence to support unique benefits of pure BCAA supplements over other protein drinks or foods that has similar amounts of these amino acids, so don't feel like you have to use a BCAA supplement.

2. Whey protein or milk: A simple shake with whey protein will deliver all the BCAAs that you need along with all the other essential amino acids to round out your muscle building and recovery efforts. Or you can simply have a glass of milk to serve as your nutritional recovery aid. Milk is naturally loaded with BCAAs and the little sugar from the lactose will further aid in recovery after a longer exercise session.

3. Whole foods: Fish, eggs, lean beef, chicken, and turkey all contain ample amounts of these key amino acids. (Plant-based sources are often considered incomplete proteins, but you can combine them to create complete proteins.)
 
4. Pea or rice protein: Plant protein is generally lower in BCAAs, but pea protein is an exception in this area. Just make sure to take in more total protein to get all the essential amino acids your body needs. One study published in Nutrition Journal found that 40g of rice protein worked just as well as 40g of whey protein when it came to improving body composition.

Bottom Line:
BCAAs are beneficial for muscle growth and improving your body composition. However, there’s no need to run out an empty your wallet at the supplement store. There are natural foods to eat after your workout. The important thing is to move with intention and love what you eat. 

For those of us old enough to remember the early 2000s with any clarity (sorry, Gen Z!) the keto diet is reminiscent of another low-carb eating plan: the Atkins diet. Once wildly popular, the diet somewhat faded in the background in favor of other eating plans like Paleo and Whole30. But now that low-carb eating is back on our radar, it seems as though diet trends are just repeating themselves. Given that they’re both low-carb, high-fat diets, they can’t be that different, right? Not quite. Read on for full comparison.

What is keto again?
In case you missed last week’s post, the ketogenic diet is a very low-carb, high-fat, moderate-protein way of eating. Keto macros are very strict with only 5% to 10% of daily calories from carbs, 15% to 20% protein, and a whopping 75% to 80% fat.

The diet was originally created in the 1920’s to help children with drug-resistant epilepsy control their symptoms; it has recently become way more popular among adults due to its ability to burn fat. A healthy keto diet will consist of well-raised animal proteins (grass-fed beef, pasture-raised chicken, and wild-caught seafood), healthy fats (Natalie’s avocados, extra virgin olive oil, nuts and seeds, olives, and coconuts), and non-starchy vegetables, like leafy greens and cruciferous veggies, for fiber and micronutrients.

So what is the Atkins diet?
The Atkins diet has been around since the 1970’s; it was created by cardiologist Dr. Robert Atkins after researching ways people could safely lose excess weight without restricting calories, according to the Atkins website. The eating plan became super popular with celebrities and many of our parents in the early 2000s.

Like keto, Atkins is a low-carb, high-fat diet. It functions in three to four phases, where a person’s macronutrient intake changes throughout each phase. In the first two weeks, you eat less than 20g of carbs per day. Then you slowly add in more carbs from vegetables, nuts, and small amounts of fruit. This means that the macros shift on the diet. So, phase one of the classic Atkins diet (also called Atkins 20) calls for around 10% daily calories coming from carbs, 30% protein, and 60% fat. (This first phase technically puts you in ketosis, according to the Atkins website.) Those ratios shift by the end of the program to allow for more carbs and less fat.

There are other versions of Atkins, like the Atkins 40, which is just a low-carb eating plan that doesn’t have phases in the same way as Atkins 20. It allows for 40g carbs per day and flexible servings of fat and protein.

Keto vs Atkins: What’s the difference?
While both plans are low-carb and high in fat, the macros are a bit different. Keto allows for less protein and more fat than in the strictest phase of Atkins. Another big difference: Keto restricts carbs indefinitely in order to sustain ketosis. Meanwhile, Atkins increases your carb intake during its later phases, thereby taking you out of ketosis. The main focus of Atkins isn’t necessarily to be in ketosis, of course, while that is the main purpose of the keto diet.
 
It’s important to note that the long-term benefits of a low-carb plan, whether it is Atkins or keto, are up for debate in the health community. Some experts warn that restricting carbs for extended periods of time could cause pretty negative health effects, from constipation due to lack of fiber to disrupting delicate hormone balances in women. Research is also mixed: One 2018 study found that people who cut carbs increased their metabolism and burned more calories compared to people who cut fat, while another one published earlier in the year found no significant difference between low-carb and low-fat plans for weight management. Yet other research has found that low-carb, high-fat diets have the potential to treat diabetes and potentially even schizophrenia. More human clinical trials are needed before we can make definitive conclusions.

However, because Atkins ultimately allows for more carbs than keto, it could come with some health perks that are harder to get on the keto diet. Most people will be able to eat more fruits and veggies in Atkins and therefore getting more fiber, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. However, since the keto diet has more guidelines around it, there may be more potential for benefit. Atkins is a little more ambiguous once you get out of the first two phases. With more restriction in keto, you may reap more benefits sooner. But don’t forget, keto is hard to do and carries more of a risk for vitamin deficiency due to the vegetable restriction.

Bottom Line
If done properly with limited processed foods, plenty of green vegetables, and well-raised, organic proteins, both diets can be healthy options that lead to benefits. Eat real, whole foods, monitor your carb intake, and move as much as possible. Your body will thank you.

It seems impossible to open a blog, listen to a podcast, or see a magazone cover in the grocery checkout without seeing something about the trendy . But for people on the keto diet, the menu choices get even more limited. That’s because the low-carb, high-fat eating plan has very particular macros that can limit your food options (sorry, but pasta and rice are totally out the window).
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The typical keto diet macros are: 75% to 80% of calories from fat, 15% to 20% from protein, and only 5% to 10% from carbs. People might play with those macros depending on their particular health goals and needs, or on their particular interpretation of keto; the “Ketotarian” diet, which advocates for a more plant-based approach, allows for up to 15% of calories from carbs.

Why the intense focus on macros? Basically, this is the ratio of fats to carbs that allows a person to achieve ketosis—when the body switches from burning carbohydrates to fats as its primary source of energy. Ketosis “unlocks” keto’s main potential health benefits, from effective weight management to balanced blood sugar, reduced inflammation, and increased mental clarity. So, how you build your plate at mealtime is key to ensuring you stay in ketosis and maintain adequate nutrition.

Done correctly, a healthy keto diet will consist of lots of well-raised animal proteins (grass-fed beef, pasture-raised chicken and wild-caught seafood), healthy fats (Natalie’s avocados, extra virgin olive oil, nuts and seeds, olives, coconuts, etc.) and non-starchy vegetables for fiber and micronutrients.

     1. Portion out your plate
​If you’ve just started keto or you’re thinking about it, you need to portion out your favorite veggies, carbs (whatever you can eat), protein, and fats to satisfy your hunger and burn those ketones. The plate should look like it consists of ¼ fat, but keep in mind that your veggies will be topped with fat and your meat may also have fat. So really, fat is dispersed across your plate rather than just in one spot.
In terms of healthy fats, some great options include avocado oil, coconut oil, avocados, coconut, olives, extra virgin olive oil, grass-fed ghee or butter, and grass-fed, organic animal fats. Use these for dressings and cooking techniques, as well as high-fat choices for proteins or protein toppers (think avocado on a burger). You can also snack on fats for snacks, like nut butter or MCT oil in a smoothie.

     2. Load up on vegetables
On keto, non-starchy veggies should take up half your plate. Think lots of leafy greens, bok choy, cucumber, zucchini, cauliflower, asparagus, mushrooms, and tomatoes. Vegetables contain vital micronutrients like fiber, folate, B vitamins, calcium, as well as antioxidants. However: keep in mind that even though veggies may take up half your plate, they are not calorically dense and therefore don’t actually amount to much of the macronutrient distribution. Therefore, you’ll need to add fats and proteins to adequately fuel up. Top your vegetables with (or cook them in) healthy fats like avocado oil, ghee, or extra virgin olive oil for extra fats to burn ketones and to keep you fuller longer.

    3. Keep your carbs to a minimumThe only carbs you eat on the keto diet should come from vegetables (think sweet potatoes and other starchy options). You can also get carbs on occasion from low-sugar fruits like blackberries or apricots, provided they don’t push your allotted carb macros over their daily limit. For that reason, there isn’t a precise set ratio for carbs, but rather a carb count within your half-plate of veggies, however it may fit.
 
    4. Don’t go overboard on protein
There’s a common perception that the keto diet involves massive amounts of steak, bacon, and other fatty meat. In reality, up to ¼ of your plate should be protein. The type of protein depends on preferences, but it’s always recommended to source the best quality you can afford. Since those following a keto diet may be eating higher fat meats, it’s particularly important to aim for high-quality meats, since things like hormones, antibiotics, and toxins end up in the animal’s fat. Load up on eggs, avocado, nuts, and tempeh if you’re on keto but limiting meat intake.

Bottom Line
To recap, a very generalized example of a healthy keto plate would be half vegetables, a fourth protein, and a fourth healthy fats (with more fats incorporated throughout).

Some sample keto meal ideas: Fill your plate with sautéed mushrooms, bok choy, and asparagus cooked in grass-fed ghee, then add 3oz grass-fed sirloin steak cooked in a pat of pastured butter (or swap the beef for skin-on chicken thighs). Breakfast could consist of a veggie omelette with some cheese, cooked in olive oil or grass-fed, organic butter.

The plate can stay consistent for all meals, since the macros are the same whether you’re eating breakfast, lunch, or dinner. Some people may practice intermittent fasting and not eat breakfast, but that still doesn’t impact what their plate looks like when they do eat. Consistency is key for achieving and maintaining ketosis—which hopefully should make things easier for meal prep, too.

From beauty products to beverages, you’ve heard the buzz around collagen supplements. But if you’re still scratching your head over what it actually does and how to get it in your diet, read on.
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In a nutshell, collagen is the popular protein that’s touted for its benefits for everything from your hair and nails to your gut health. It mostly consists of two nonessential amino acids hydroxyproline and glycine. These amino acids are known to comprise the lining in your intestinal wall and the collagen in your skin. The theory is that consumption of collagen will increase the collagen in your body, leading to improved gut lining and fewer wrinkles.

What is lacking in this logic, however, is how protein is digested. In order to digest collagen, your body must use proteases (enzymes) to break down the protein into amino acids to be absorbed. Then, the amino acids will come together to form many different proteins throughout your body. Therefore, an excess of hydroxyproline and glycine does not necessarily mean your body will produce more collagen.
Another important note is that hydroxyproline and glycine are nonessential amino acids, meaning your body makes these on its own. Therefore, eating regular ol’ chicken (a complete protein) will supply your body the necessary nutrients to produce collagen.

So, that begs the question of the hour: Do you really need a collagen supplement, or can you just get it through your diet?
Food-derived collagen is another protein that is much too large to be absorbed effectively by the intestine. Although bone broth soups and bone-in, skin-on meats are excellent sources of collagen protein, they provide very little usable collagen, as it will be digested and then have the amino acids distributed throughout the body just like any other meat.

For days that you’re intermittent fasting or otherwise eating little protein, a collagen supplement in place of protein powder will work for you. Be sure to use a hydrolyzed collagen supplement, which have been engineered for better absorption. Hydrolyzed collagen is a unique type of collagen that has undergone hydrolysis (a gentle enzymatic process that breaks the protein into smaller, more uniform peptide fragments). There have been a few studies that suggested that almost 90% of hydrolyzed collagen is able to cross the intestinal barrier and reach the bloodstream to be utilized by the nearby cells (gut lining). This suggests that gut health may be improved with hydrolyzed collagen supplements.

You can boost your natural production of collagen without eating it. Certain nutrients can kick-start the body's production of natural collagen and maximize the effects of the collagen you get from foods or supplements. There are 3 factors: vitamin C and iron, which are both essential for collagen production, and omega-3 fatty acids, which protect the body's collagen stores from damage. You can easily get them from foods like bell peppers, broccoli, and citrus (for vitamin C); shellfish, red meat, and dark leafy greens (iron); and hemp seed, chia seed, salmon, and other oily fish (omega-3s).

Bottom Line:
While collagen is a good source of protein, it is not superior to any other protein source. Research is unclear about what initiates the body to use the amino acids to fight wrinkles or just build muscle. If you choose to supplement with this trendy protein you can take collagen supplements in either tablet form or powder form in hot tea, coffee, oatmeal, or smoothies. While it’s safe to consume upwards of 30g of collagen per day (though no harm will come from having more), 2.5g per day is the suggested starting point.  

​This is a newer diagnosis related to the constant texting or looking down at our cell phones. When we look down at our phones, it causes repeated stress and pain in the neck from being in a sustained flexion for a long period of time.

​The human head weighs about 10-11 lbs on average. When you bend your neck, the stress on your neck will increase. At 15 deg of cervical flexion, the weight increases to 27 lbs. At 60 deg of cervical flexion it increases to 60 lbs. This is a lot of stress put on the cervical vertebrae!

​Upper back and neck pain when using your handheld device(s)
Nagging pain in between your shoulders at the end of the day
Intermittent headaches
Numbness/tingling in the arms

​The biggest thing and the hardest thing for most people is to limit the amount of time you are using your phone. This will help your neck but also allow you to be more present throughout the day.
Perform posture exercises to help improve the strength of the muscles between your shoulder blades
Perform exercises to reduce nerve involvement of the cervical spine so that you reduce headaches and numbness/tingling in the arms.
Postural taping techniques can be used to remind yourself to reduce forward head posture when using your device.

​Now that the Summer Solstice is here, the cookouts, weddings, parties, and happy hours are rotating in our schedules. With all these Orange Crushes and wine tastings, hangovers seem inevitable. The science of hangovers (and how to prevent them) is largely unstudied, which is why people have been inventing their own “cures” for centuries. Though no one meal or drink can cure a hangover, certain foods are better for refueling than others. After waking up with a pounding head, aim to restock your body with necessary fluids and nutrients like vitamins, amino acids, and minerals that can help break down toxins your liver metabolize all the alcohol in your system. Eating certain foods like beets and cruciferous vegetables can speed up that process.
Old-school wisdom preaches reaching for cold pizza or a greasy bacon sandwich, but wait—some foods are scientifically proven to help cure a hangover! Read on to learn which foods can alleviate post-party symptoms and which should be avoided.
What to Reach for

1. Water

The elixir of life should be your no. 1 priority after waking up with a pounding head. Alcohol is a diuretic, which means it pushes liquids out of the body. When nothing’s left in the tank, the body will draw water from any available source, including the brain—hello, headache. Drinking some H20 before heading to bed can help prevent some painful hangover symptoms, but drinking water first thing in the morning doesn’t hurt either.

       2. Ginger or Peppermint Tea For a soothing brew, look no further than your favorite herbal tea. Studies show that ginger tea may reduce nausea and motion sickness. Peppermint tea (a common morning sickness cure for pregnant women) may also ease stomach pain and decrease nausea.

       3. Pickle Juice
This hangover remedy is weird, but sources swear it works! The sour liquid contains vinegar, salt, and water, which can help rehydrate and replenish electrolyte and sodium levels. To make the most of it, sip 2oz (measure it out in a standard shotglass) before hitting the bars and another 2oz in the morning.

         4. Coffee
While waking up with zero energy sounds like the perfect time for a cup of Joe, it actually could worsen that headache, since caffeine is a mild diuretic. Still, if you drink coffee daily, stick with your habit; The liquid in coffee can help rehydrate your body, and it does give you a little boost of energy. Plus, a study showed that the combo of caffeine and over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs (like Advil or aspirin) may help counteract the head-pounding effects of a hangover.

        5. Eggs
This breakfast staple is a brunch all-star for a reason. Eggs are chock full of hardworking amino acids like cysteine and taurine. Taurine boosts liver function and may help prevent liver disease. Cysteine breaks down acetaldehyde, the yucky headache-causing chemical that’s left over when the liver breaks down ethanol (alcohol).

      6. Bananas, Dates, and Leafy Greens
These brightly colored foods contain potassium, an important electrolyte that is often depleted due to alcohol’s diuretic effect. Not feeling a salad first thing in the morning? Add some yogurt (which contains even more potassium) and blend into a hangover-fighting smoothie. 

      7. Chicken Soup
Nothing says “wild night out” like a bowl of mom’s famous chicken soup, right? It might not be the most conventional hangover food, but chicken soup can help restock sodium and water levels in the body. Chicken also contains cysteine, which give the liver a much-needed boost.

     8. Miso Soup
Sushi is the last thing most people want to eat with a hangover, but there’s no reason to shun all Japanese food. Like traditional chicken noodle, miso soup is a great morning-after remedy—the broth rehydrates and restocks sodium levels while the fermented miso can help aid digestion.

     9. Whole Grain Crackers or Toast with Honey
Since crackers can be loaded with preservatives, pick a healthier option like Wasa or a 100% whole-wheat variety. Crackers and whole-wheat toast are both bland carbs that slowly raise low blood sugar, without upsetting the stomach. Add a drizzle of mineral-rich honey for even more instant energy. Just remember to follow it with some protein later in the day to offset the blood-sugar surge.

     10. Oats
This whole grain is a super food  when you’re feeling less than stellar in the morning. A hot bowl of oatmeal has plenty of essential nutrients like B vitamins, calcium, magnesium, and iron. Plus, oats can help neutralize acids in the body and raise blood sugar levels, giving you an instant energy boost.

What to Avoid

1. Greasy Food

Contrary to popular belief, heading to the local greasy spoon cafe is not a great idea. Turns out, a large, fatty meal is better at preventing a hangover than curing one, since fried foods can irritate the stomach. But, chowing down on a big burger before ordering the wine can help insulate the stomach, preventing alcohol from being absorbed into the stomach lining and bloodstream.

      2.  Hair of the Dog
This wacky expression comes from a Norwegian folk saying that claims the best cure incorporates the substance that did the damage in the first place. Scandinavian wisdom aside, drinking in the morning is never the solution. An alcoholic beverage can help take the edge off in the morning, but it will further dehydrate the body and lead to even worse hangover symptoms later in the day.

     3.    Orange Juice
​Lay off the OJ after a night on the town. Sour citrus like orange and grapefruit can irritate an already sensitive stomach. Also, skip tomato juice—it is also acidic, making a Bloody Mary at brunch probably the worst choice for a hungover morning.
 
Bottom Line:
When hungover, your body is screaming its loudest. Take the time to listen to your body and give it the break from toxins it needs to heal.

Making your own smoothie or protein shake may seem simple, but it can actually get tricky; adding too much of a healthy ingredient or adding ingredients that you think are healthy but actually aren't can lead to calorie overload or a messed up macro ratio.
Shakes should fall around 350 to 450 calories for a snack and up to 600 for a meal. You should use ingredients that contribute nutrients your body needs to stay healthy and meet your goals, not just add empty calories, like fruit juices or sorbet. Here’s what to consider when blending a shake:
You’ve just finished a great pump session with Natalie and feel ravenous for nutrients. For a muscle-building shake, aim for a 40:30:30 ratio of macros, 40% carbs, 30 % fat, and 30% protein. Focus on the protein for this goal and get at least 30g protein per shake to help build muscle mass. Protein powder, dairy, and nut butters should be calculated into your protein and fat macro ratios. There is no need to double down on the protein powder though. Any more than 40g protein at a time is wasted. Your body cannot process more than 40g. Therefore, you’re more likely to clog up your kidneys and experience constipation. That’s why bowel issues are the biggest complaints for those on the Atkins or carnivore diets.
The carbs in your shake should come from fruits and vegetables such as blueberries, spinach, and carrots. Fruits and vegetables are the main source of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Skip grains like oats or sweeteners such as honey. While these carbs also contain vitamins and minerals, they don’t have as many as actual fruits and veggies and will knock your macros out of proportion.
Still confused about which ingredients are best for you? Here are 10 ideas to make your shake healthier:

1. Opt for unsweetened almond milk or coconut milk instead of dairy milk. This will keep your carb count in check and add some healthy fats.
2. Use frozen wild blueberries that are sweeter than fresh blueberries varieties and cut out honey or maple syrup completely.
3. Check the ingredients list of your favorite protein powder. Anything with sugar should be calculated into your carb proportion. Also, a protein powder with sucralose can lead to gut inflammation, causing your blood sugar to spike and keeps you from absorbing good nutrients while storing the fat you eat instead of burning it off.
4. If using a nut butter, buy the jar with “natural” written on it. For nut butters, this means that sugars and oils aren’t added. The jar should only contain the nuts and some salt. Leave the jar unrefrigerated in your cupboard. When you open it, pour the condensed oil on the top into the trash. This will save calories and keep your macros in check.
5. Swap the banana for 1 cup of your favorite frozen berries. This will slightly cut back on the natural sugar and add more antioxidants.
6. Add 1 tsp flax or chia seed for a small boost in omega-3’s fat.
7. Try using your favorite tea or kombucha as your liquid instead of milk. This will add even more antioxidants and nutrients and add a minimum amount to your carb count.
8. Skip the fruit juice and add additional fruit if your shake needs more sweetness.
9. Open one of your probiotic capsules and pour into your blender for a gut boost.
10. Have a favorite supplement such as turmeric powder or MCT oil? While powder additions aren't necessary, it could be fun and beneficial to add to your shake. Play around and create flavors based on your supplements.

Bottom Line
You shake should contain nutrient-dense ingredients for exercise recovery, muscle building, and cell nourishment. Get creative and make you nutrition powerhouse a perfect shake!

​There are so many things that can disrupt your sleep — from stress about work deadlines to the temperature of the room —you find yourself tossing and turning after a late night with friends or an indulgent meal at home, you may need to reevaluate your eating habits. Read on for what to avoid and then some suggested foods to try for better sleep.


​TIMING
Eating too close to bedtime can be especially problematic if you're prone to heartburn. Laying horizontally after a meal can allow stomach acid to travel back up the esophagus, leading to a bitter taste in the mouth or burning in the chest.

TYPES OF FOOD
Spicy and acidic foods like tomatoes, tomato sauce, and citrus fruits may be problematic, and chocolate may also worsen reflux. Also, foods and beverages that contain caffeine, such as coffee, tea, and soda, should be avoided as well. Caffeine blocks a chemical that helps make you sleepy, and it's also a diuretic, which can cause you to make a trip to the bathroom during the night. Try cutting yourself off from caffeine before lunchtime.

AMOUNT
Eating a large meal right before bedtime can also affect your ability to sleep. If your stomach feels overly full and you can feel the contents churning, this can cause discomfort and prevent you from falling asleep. A high-protein or high-fat meal is more difficult to digest and should be avoided before bed.
So what should you eat if you’re hungry and can’t sleep? Melatonin! Melatonin is the chemical that makes us sleepy at night. Light — either from the sun or the blue light from your laptop — suppresses melatonin. That means you should power down your devices in the evening, but supplementing with melatonin can also help improve sleep and combat insomnia. That said, taking it in the over-the-counter form you find in pharmacies may not be safe, particularly over the long-term. Instead, try one of these melatonin-packed foods:

1. Turkey: Turkey contains the amino acid tryptophan, which increases the production of the sleep-regulating hormone melatonin. The protein in turkey may also contribute to its ability to promote tiredness. There is evidence that consuming moderate amounts of protein before bed is associated with better sleep quality, including less waking up throughout the night.
2. Walnuts: In addition to having high levels of tryptophan (an amino acid that aids in melatonin production), walnuts also have a unique form of melatonin in high levels.
3. Tart cherries: Tart cherries have been shown to produce a surge in melatonin that can be helpful with sleep initiation. A 2017 pilot study found that those who drank one cup of tart cherry juice twice a day for two weeks increased sleep time by 84 minutes compared to those in the placebo group.
4. Almonds: Almonds are also an excellent source of magnesium, providing 19% of your daily needs in only 1 ounce. Consuming adequate amounts of magnesium may help improve sleep quality, especially for those who have insomnia. Magnesium’s role in promoting sleep is thought to be due to its ability to reduce inflammation. Additionally, it may help reduce levels of the stress hormone cortisol, which is known to interrupt sleep.
5. Chamomile: chamomile tea contains apigenin, an antioxidant that binds to certain receptors in your brain that may promote sleepiness and reduce insomnia. One study in 34 adults found those who consumed 270mg of chamomile extract twice daily for 28 days fell asleep 15 minutes faster and experienced less nighttime wakening, compared to those who did not consume it.
6. Kiwis: The fuzzy fruit can seriously help you fall asleep. In a small study, people who ate two kiwis an hour before bed for four weeks decreased the amount of time it took for them to fall asleep by 35%.
7. Passionflower: There is also some evidence that drinking passionflower tea increases the production of GABA, a brain chemical that works to inhibit other brain chemicals that induce stress, such as glutamate. In a seven-day study, 41 adults drank a cup of passionflower tea before bed. They rated their sleep quality significantly better when they drank the tea, compared to when they did not drink the tea.

BOTTOM LINE
Sleep is both one of the easiest activities and potentially frustrating things our bodies do. Research is still unclear on so many aspects of our sleep. Everybody sleeps differently. With time focusing on your body and brain connection, you will learn what works for your body. 

​Happy Fourth Everyone! 
​ Backyard BBQ and beach days begin. With summer, I see an influx of patients with Plantar Fasciitis. Why does summer coincide with Plantar Fasciitis and foot pain you may ask? Two words: FLIP FLOPS.

​Last year, I bit the bullet and actually bought a nice pair of $30 flip flops with arch support. Never again will I peruse the Old Navy 5$ flip flop wall buying every color imaginable. Not only are they not good for my feet, but honestly they didn’t last very long. 

​So why are flip flops such an issue? The lack of arch support puts you at risk for Plantar Fasciitis.
Before we go into the how, let me explain what Plantar Fasciitis is.  Fascia is a band or sheet of collagen connective tissue that connects muscle to bone. However, it also surrounds each muscle so that the muscles can glide on each other without getting “stuck”.  In this case, the plantar fascia is a thick band of connective tissue that starts at the base of the heel and fans out to the toes. It also has connections to the Achilles tendon. It’s job is to stabilize the arch of the foot. When irritated it causes pain in the origin of the heel. Some symptoms include pain when first waking up in the morning or after sitting for a long period of time. Overtime if you don’t improve your symptoms, the tissue can begin to calcify and cause a bone spur.
Most flip flops don’t have the arch support needed for your foot. They have flat skinny soles that don’t absorb the necessary impact of the ground, leaving your arch to do all the work. On top of that your body weight is not supported properly. How many times have your heel slipped when walking in your flip flips. This causes the Plantar Fasciitis to become strained.

1. Buy appropriate flip flops that support your arch.
2. Wear them moderately
3. Perform exercises that are going to stretch your 2 calf muscles: the gastroc and soleus
4. Perform exercises to strengthen the muscles that support the arch of the foot
5. Roll the bottom of your foot with a ball or a water bottle placed in the freezer
6. Possible to wear a night splint at night to keep your foot in dorsiflexion (or up) to reduce pain in the morning.

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